By Christopher Byrd

https://www.bing.com/search?FORM=U527DF&PC=U527&q=The+Divining+Hand+By+Christopher+Byrd

WATER WARS

This online course is NOT teaching about Primary Water.  

The Groundwater modeling is the secondary water cycle.

Most important we are NOT running out of water.

Water is a RENEWABLE – to learn the Water Facts go to www.PrimaryWater.org

And also watch the YouTube video “Primary Water Explained”. 

https://www.hatarilabs.com/cu-en/online-course-groundwater-modelling-using-modflow6-and-model-muse

A numerical flow model can be the most efficient and effective tool to carry out these analyzes and obtain reasonable information on the relationships between groundwater components. However, having a modeling tool is not enough, it is necessary to know both the modeling platform and understand the processes it wants to reproduce, and in this particular case, understand the water dynamics of the hydrogeological system.

This course develops the main functions and applications of the latest version of the MODFLOW 6 groundwater modeling code through the ModelMuse interface, both developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). This version includes innovative tools for the construction and simulation of hydrogeological models, mainly highlighting the incorporation of the discretization option for discretized by vertices grids.

Objectives

The development of the course will allow the application of these groundwater modeling tools to analyze regional and local flow, so that participants learn to build these models and analyze the results. In this course the student will learn:

• ModelMuse environment and tools for modelling.
• Know the potential of MODFLOW 6 and the ModelMuse environment.
• Conceptualization criteria, grid design and boundary conditions.
• Modelling of particle tracking with MODPATH.
• Calibration and transient simulation of numerical models.
• Analyze the results obtained in the simulated models.

 

Course content

Session 1: Basic MODFLOW 6

Exercise 1:

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with different constant heads that define the groundwater flow throughout the extension of the model.

Exercise 2

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with 2 different constant heads, and different values of hydraulic conductivities associated with the location of each grid cell.
• Intersection of objects and overwriting of hydraulic conductivities associated with geometries.

Session 2: Boundary conditions and transient simulations

Exercise 3:

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with confined and unconfined layers with recharge, rivers, and wells applied to the numerical model with different pumping scenarios.

Exercise 4:

• Three-dimensional transient simulation of 10 periods of 365 days each, with different boundary conditions and different scenarios in which pumping wells are applied trough different layers of the simulated aquifer.

Session 3: DISV Package and quadtree refinements

Exercise 5:

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with a lake with constant-head, a river and wells with quadtree refinement in different levels for each boundary condition and with different pumping rates.

Session 4: Advanced packages

Exercise 6:

• Three-dimensional transient simulation with advanced packages like multi-aquifer wells (MAW) and stream-flow routing (SFR) that interact between them and a lake with constant head.

Midterm Exam

• Focused in solve a case adittional of the session 4 developed by the instructor.

Session 5: Particle tracking

Exercise 7:

• Forward and backward particle tracking simulations applied to general-head boundary conditions and wells in a three-dimensional steady-state simulation with quadtree refinement.

Exercise 8:

• Forward, backward and transient particle tracking simulation applied to a three-dimensional transient simulation with wells with different pumping rates and a river that interacts with a nearby well.

Session 6: Three-dimensional anisotropy

Exercise 9:

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with wells pumping and injecting water in different boundaries with three-dimensional anisotropy applied in 2 axis that creates whirls

Exercise 10:

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with quadtree refinement and three-dimensional anisotropy distributed in 2 axis of the grid.

Session 7: Geological faults

Exercise 11:

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with general-head boundary conditions with a fractured zone and a core of a fault with high and low hydraulic conductivities respectively.

Exercise 12:

• Three dimensional steady-state simulation with quadtree refinement, three-dimensional anisotropy and zones of high and low hydraulic conductivity influenced by a fractured zone and a fault respectively

Session 8: Regional model

Exercise 13:

• Three-dimensional steady-state simulation with a basin that delimits the active zone, recharge, evapotranspiration and rivers placed throughout the extension of the grid.

Exercise 14:

• Application of head observations and post-processing of results with Python

Final Exam

• Final exam is similar to midterm except given at the end.

Trainer

Saul Montoya M.Sc. 

Saul Montoya M.Sc. is a Hydrogeologist and Numerical Modeler. Mr. Montoya is a Civil Engineer graduated from the Catholic University in Lima with postgraduate studies in Management and Engineering of Water Resources (WAREM Program) from Stuttgart University – Germany with mention in Groundwater Engineering and Hydroinformatics. Mr Montoya has a strong analytical capacity for the interpretation, conceptualization and modeling of the surface and underground water cycle and their interaction. 

He is in charge of numerical modeling for contaminant transport and remediation systems of contaminated sites. Inside his hydrological and hydrogeological investigations Mr. Montoya has developed a holistic comprehension of the water cycle, understanding and quantifying the main hydrological dynamic process of precipitation, runoff, evaporation and recharge to the groundwater system. 

Over the last 9 years Saul has developed 2 websites for knowledge sharing in water resources: www.gidahatari.com (Spanish) and www.hatarilabs.com (English) that have become relevant due to its applied tutorials on groundwater modeling, spatial analysis and computational fluid mechanics.

Methodology

Here are some details of each methodology:

• Manuals and files for the exercises will be delivered.
• The course will be developed by videos on private web platform.
• There is online support for questions regarding the exercises developed in the course.
• Digital certificate available at the end of the course.
• Video of the classes will be available for 2 months.
• To receive the digital certificate you must submit the exercises after 1 month.

Cost and payment

The cost of the course is $ 180 dollars.

This online course will be given on out elearning platform: elearning.hatarilabs.com . You will need to create an account to payment by Paypal and automatically you will register for the course.

For any other information please write to: saulmontoya@hatarilabs.com

Registry

After payment with Paypal, fill out the following registration form including the information related to your payment. We will send you an e-mail to confirm your registration.

For any other information please write to: saulmontoya@hatarilabs.com 

https://phys.org/news/2020-04-coronavirus-pandemic-sick.html

The coronavirus pandemic might make buildings sick, too

by Caitlin R. Proctor, Andrew J. Whelton and William Rhoads, The Conversation

While millions of people are under orders to stay home amid the coronavirus pandemic, water is sitting in the pipes of empty office buildings and gyms, getting old and potentially dangerous.

When water isn’t flowing, organisms and chemicals can build up in the plumbing. It can happen in underused gyms, office buildings, schools, shopping malls and other facilities. These organisms and chemicals can reach unsafe levels when water sits in water pipes for just a few days. But, what happens when water sits for weeks or months?

There are no long-term studies of the risks and only minimal guidance to help building owners prepare their water for use again after a long shutdown.

As researchers involved in building water safety, we study these risks and advise building owners and public officials on actions they can take to reduce the potential for widespread waterborne disease. A new paper highlights these issues and our concerns that the COVID-19 stay-at-home orders may increase the chance of harmful water exposure when people return.

What happens when water gets old?

Just like food that sits in a refrigerator for too long, water that sits in a building’s pipes for too long can make people sick.

Harmful organisms, like the bacteria that cause Legionnaire’s disease, can grow. If not maintained, devices like filters, water tanks, heaters and softeners can become organism incubators.

With certain pipe materials, water can accumulate unsafe levels of lead and copper, which can cause learning disabilities, cardiovascular effects, nausea and diarrhea.

Drinking this water is a problem, but infections can also result from inhaling harmful organisms. This occurs when water splashes and becomes an aerosol, as can happen in showers, hot tubs and pools and when flushing toilets or washing hands. Some of these organisms can cause pneumonia-like diseases, especially in people who have weakened immune systems.

Water inside a building does not have an expiration date: Problems can develop within days at individual faucets, and all buildings with low water use are at risk.

Keep the water flowing

To avoid water issues, “fresh” water must regularly flow to a building’s faucets. Most U.S. water providers add a chemical disinfectant to the water they deliver to kill organisms, but this chemical disappears over time.

Medical facilities, with their vulnerable populations, are required to have a building water safety plan to keep water fresh and prevent growth. Schools, which have long periods of low use during the summer, are advised to keep water fresh to reduce water’s lead levels.

Health agencies in the U.S., Canada, England, Europe and some states have released recommendations in recent weeks, advising that building water be kept fresh during COVID-19 stay-at-home orders. There’s some debate over the best way to do that, but the core message is the same: Do not let water sit in buildings. Flushing accomplishes several goals. Credit: Caitlin Proctor/Purdue University

If water isn’t being used in a building, intentionally flushing the building to replace all the old water with new water can be done at least weekly. It also helps remove sediments that accumulate along pipe walls.

Faucets, water heaters and softeners, appliances such as refrigerators, toilets and other water systems, including cooling towers, all need to have water turnover. Some of these can require specialized attention. Faucet aerators should be removed because they accumulate materials and slow down the flow.

How long flushing takes depends on the building’s piping design, devices and the speed of water exiting the faucets. All buildings are different.

It took more than 80 minutes of flushing to draw fresh water to the farthest faucet of one 10,000-square-foot building. In another building, it took 60 minutes just to get fresh water from the water meter to the basement of a building 30 feet from the street. A single large building may take hours or days to clear.

Easier to avoid contamination than clean it up

For building managers who haven’t been running the water during the pandemic, the water sitting in pipes may already have significant problems. To perform flushing, safety equipment, including masks, currently in short supply, might be needed to protect workers.

A slow “ramp-up” of the economy means buildings will not reach normal water use for some time. These buildings may need flushing again and again.

Shock disinfection, adding a high level of disinfectant chemical to the plumbing to kill organisms living in it, may also be necessary. This is required for new buildings and is sometimes done when water in new buildings sits still for too long.

Inexpensive chemical disinfectant tests can help determine if the water is “fresh.” Testing for harmful organisms is recommended by some organizations. It can take several days and requires expertise to interpret results. Metals testing might be needed, too. Public health departments can provide specific recommendations for all of these actions and communication of risks.

The need for standards and water safety

Water left sitting in the pipes of buildings can present serious health risks.

Standards are lacking and very much needed for restarting plumbing and ensuring continued water safety after the pandemic passes.

Right now, building managers can take immediate action to prevent people from becoming sick when they return.

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Explore further

Water quality could change in buildings closed down during COVID-19 pandemic, engineers say

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Provided by The Conversation

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.