Carbon Sink – Definition

Carbon Sink – Definition
Healthy forests are carbon sinkspulling in more greenhouse gases than they release during naturaldecay.
areas of vegetation, esp forests, and the phytoplankton-rich seas that absorb the carbon dioxide produced by the burning of fossil fuels

The ocean, a carbon sink

A carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that absorbs and stores the atmosphere’s carbon with physical and biological mechanisms. Coal, oil, natural gases, methane hydrate and limestone are all examples of carbon sinks. After long processes and under certain conditions, these sinks have stored carbon for millennia. On the contrary, the use of these resources, considered as fossil, re-injects the carbon they hold into the atmosphere. Nowadays, other carbon sinks come into play: humus storing soils (such as peatlands), some vegetalizing environments (such as forming forests) and of course some biological and physical processes which take place in a marine environment. 

These processes form the well-known « ocean carbon pump ». It is composed of two compartments: a biological pump* which transfers surface carbon towards the seabed via the food web (it is stored there in the long term), and the physical pump* which results from ocean circulation. In the Polar Regions, more dense water flows towards the Deep Sea dragging down dissolved carbon. Actually, in high latitudes water stores CO2 more easily because low temperatures facilitate atmospheric CO2 dissolution (hence the importance of Polar Regions in the carbon cycle). It is difficult to determine the quantity of carbon stored by these mechanisms, but it is estimated that the ocean concentrates 50 times more carbon than the atmosphere. For some scientists, the Deep Sea and its water column may be the largest carbon sink on Earth but its large-scale future is still unknown. Also, with ocean acidification, this process could become less efficient because of a lack of available carbonates*.

When talking about carbon storage, the notion of time is crucial. The biological pump is sensitive to disturbances. Consequently, it can be destabilized and re-emit carbon into the atmosphere.

The physical pump acts on another time-scale. It is less sensitive to disturbances but it is affected on a long-term basis. Once the machine is activated, it will be difficult to stop it. The carbon, transferred to the Deep Sea due to ocean circulation, is temporarily removed from the surface cycle but this process is rather poorly quantified. Also, after a journey of several hundred years, what will this carbon become when these waters resurface?

capture-decran-2016-12-03-a-14-22-22

The biological pump is actually easier to assess. It relies on ecosystems’ good health. In the high seas for instance, the planktonic ecosystem is a major player. All organic materials that reach the bottom participate in the biological pump and when conditions permit it, they also participate in oil formation. Calcium-containing materials such as coccolithophore, a microscopic one-celled alga, participate in subtracting carbon from the natural cycle. When they die, they generate a vertical net flux of carbon. This carbon can then be stored in the Deep Sea for long geological periods. These processes can leave traces. For instance, chalk cliffs are an accumulation of coccolithophores (micro algae covered with plating made of limestone) on the ocean seabed, which have later resurfaced to the continent due to geological movement.

capture-decran-2016-12-03-a-14-22-51

Healthy coastal ecosystems play a mitigation* role against climate change, especially by capturing carbon for their development. For instance, mangroves, seagrass beds and salt marshes are significant carbon sinks. These last three examples, store at least ten times more carbon than continental forests when they develop by capturing carbon in their calcium skeleton. However, these coastal ecosystems cover little surface on a global planet scale. Also, these ecosystems are weakened by coastal urbanization and coastal economic activities. Ecosystem restoration remains a priority to improve storage of carbon excessively released into the atmosphere and requires ambitious policies.

In order to combat climate change, geoengineering* techniques to store CO2 artificially in the ocean carbon sink are under consideration. The scientific community is rather concerned because negative consequences of potential disequilibrium have not been explored yet. However, the concept of carbon sink is very controversial. The carbon cycle is rather complex as it is associated with other cycles which favour global warming. Consequently, storing CO2 also releases steam water, which plays an important part in the greenhouse effect. In addition, because of the increase in greenhouse gas concentration, the water temperature and its acidity are changing. This modifies physical, chemical and biological equilibriums and may affect the ocean pump. All of this data should encourage us to think about the future of marine ecosystems. This uncertainty should encourage us to be more careful and to preserve marine ecosystems.

Water TAX on Drinking Water – and More Water Taxes in the Future!

Water TAX on Drinking Water – and More Water Taxes in the Future!

Remember – we do NOT have a water shortage.  We have Primary Water a renewable from down below the Earth’s mantel which surfaces constantly . . . Watch the You Tube video “Primary Water Explained” . . . and go to PrimaryWater.org to learn the water FACTS. . .
EXCERPT:

With the state legislature returning from summer recess, the proposal to impose a statewide tax on drinking water could return before the end of the current legislative year on August 31.

The proposed tax on drinking water was introduced in 2017 by Sen. Bill Monning (SB 623). The primary purpose of the bill was to fund solutions in some disadvantaged communities without access to safe drinking water, which are primarily located in rural areas in the Central Valley. In September of 2017, the Assembly Appropriations Committee moved the bill to the Assembly Rules Committee, where it currently remains as a two-year bill. The proposal would have generated roughly $110 million per year through a 95-cent monthly fee on home water bills as well as taxes on businesses of up to $10 per month. Another $30 million would come from higher fees on agricultural and dairy businesses, industries whose chemicals contribute to the problem of contaminated groundwater.

I’ve argued it’s a very bad idea because it is the proverbial camel’s-nose-under-the-tent: It surely would be the first step towards more taxes on public drinking water.

By Jim Shields, Ukiah Daily Journal, 8/12/18
With the state legislature returning from summer recess, the proposal to impose a statewide tax on drinking water could return before the end of the current legislative year on August 31.

FIRE RETARDANT: Holy Fire: Here’s what’s in the fire retardant used in California wildfires

https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/local/2018/08/15/what-makes-up-red-fire-retardant-being-dropped-wildfires/987754002/

That red fire retardant being used in California wildfires, like the Holy fire, won’t hurt you. Here’s what’s in it

Forrest Gordon Clark, the man accused of starting the Holy Fir, appeared in court for the first time Friday morning in Santa Ana. Palm Springs Desert Sun

Firefighters gained more control of the Holy Fire now burning in the Cleveland National Forest in Riverside County.

Forest officials said the fire has held steady, burning 22,986 acres by Wednesday morning. But firefighters have 72 percent of the fire’s perimeter contained. The agency’s damage-assessment team determined 12 single-family homes in Orange County and six in Riverside County were destroyed by the fire.

On Wednesday, 1,270 firefighters remained on hand, and forest officials said warming weather coupled with possible thunderstorms through the week are a concern. Still, officials expect the fire to be fully contained by Tuesday.

One reason for the daily successes in battling back the blaze is the red fire retardant captured in photos and videos as it is dropped on the flames and surrounding areas from jumbo jets following spotter planes.

That fire retardant can significantly slow the progress of a blaze and helps firefighters contain the spread and save property.

But it does make a mess for people returning home after fires, and many in fire zones have been left wondering what to do if it gets on their home or vehicle and how it might impact wildlife.

The U.S. Forest Service uses a product known by the brand name Phos-Chek, according to San Bernardino National Forest spokesman Zach Behrens. The retardant is manufactured by Missouri-based ICL Performance Products, which has been creating fire retardants to fight wildfires since the 1960s.*

The company’s website says its mixtures are the, “safest, most effective and environmentally friendly products available for fighting, managing and controlling wildland fires.”

According to safety sheets on the company website, the sticky mixture — which is combined with water before it is dropped over fire zones — is primarily composed of fertilizer, with a thickener and red dye added in. The dye ensures it is visible from the air, the thickener helps the slurry cling to trees, brush and other objects it is dropped on.

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More: Holy Fire, now at 22,986 acres, is dropping ash. Here’s how to safely remove it from your property

More: In Idyllwild, the Fire District is the de facto local government.

Fire retardant drop near Lake Hemet to fight the CranstonBuy PhotoFire retardant drop near Lake Hemet to fight the Cranston Fire on Thursday, July 26, 2018. (Photo: Richard Lui/The Desert Sun)

Cal Fire spokeswoman Heather Williams said the mixture is dropped strategically to protect homes or other structures and to help firefighters steer a fire off its current course and into an area where it can be fought more easily. As a blaze approaches an area where retardant has been dropped, a chemical reaction between the mixture and plants it has landed on occurs and makes it difficult for the fire to burn through that line.

“It basically acts as a fuel break to help slow down the fire,” she said. “It doesn’t put the fire out, but it really helps slow it down.”

Williams said pilots will survey a fire from the air and determine how best to utilize the retardant along with other natural fire breaks, including highways, mountain ridges and rivers.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, which oversees the forest service, conducted an environmental review into the impact of fire retardant in 2011 after a judge ruled in favor of Citizens for Better Forestry, which had sued the USDA and asked the forest service to review its method of applying fire retardant and how it affects the environment.

A forest service truck is stained with fire retardantBuy PhotoA forest service truck is stained with fire retardant on Thursday, July 26, 2018 during the Cranston Fire.  (Photo: Richard Lui/The Desert Sun)

The report indicated that in rare cases the retardant can have a negative impact on water quality and aquatic species, so it is not supposed to be dropped within 300 feet of a waterway. The substance still comes into contact with water sources accidentally, but the USDA said the impact on those animals would be “minor and short term.” The same goes for water quality.

“Generally, impacts are short-term, as dilution occurs when the affected water moves downstream,” according to the report. However, in stagnant bodies of water, the fertilizers in the retardant can cause an overgrowth of plants.

More: Fire-stricken Idyllwild community, united by Jazz in the Pines, now must tell it good-bye

More: Holy Fire suspect Forrest Clark arraignment delayed for second time following unusual court appearance

The impact of the nontoxic substance on human health is also “minimal.” Some people have reported skin irritation, according to the USDA, but generally the safety benefits of using the retardant outweighs those few incidents.

“On every fire, firefighter safety and public safety are the highest priorities. Aerially applied fire retardant reduces wildfire intensity and rate of spread, decreasing risks to firefighters and enabling them to construct fireline safely. In many situations, the use of retardant in concert with firefighters on the ground allows the Forest Service to safely meet its responsibilities to protect landscapes, resources, and people,” according to the USDA.

A section of HWY 243 is stained with fire retardantBuy PhotoA section of HWY 243 is stained with fire retardant on Thursday, July 26, 2018 during the Cranston Fire.  (Photo: Richard Lui/The Desert Sun)

The company that manufactures the retardant recommends washing with soap and water if you come in contact with the substance and to flush your eyes with water if it gets in your eyes. And while the substance is nontoxic, it shouldn’t be ingested by people or animals.

The company said emergency measures would not be necessary, but to contact a physician or veterinarian if the retardant is ingested by a person or pet. Cal Fire’s Williams said it was important for people with livestock to wash out any food and water basins for their animals if they were in areas where retardant was used.

Williams also advised people to wash the retardant off their homes or cars, rather than waiting for rain to do that. She said the mixture is easy to wash off if it’s relatively fresh. If it has hardened, people might need to use a power washer or some elbow grease.

Weaponized new technology to control you

Developing, Mastering and Weaponizing new technology to control you

Not only has the Ruling Cabal deployed its newly developed high technology to spy on us all, but has weaponized it to entrain the minds of the masses to conform to their Globalist NWO Agenda and policies.

by  Preston James

It’s a sad fact that over 985 Billion USD per year is being spent by the USG to spy on you and control you.

The actual total is considered classified but you can bet it is now very near to 1 Trillion USD per year.

This incredibly large secret industry has been built up, paid for with your tax dollars and deployed by the Ruling Cabal. It’s now involved in monstrous secret efforts to collate, manage and utilize all the data they have been collecting on you, in order to control your thoughts, attitudes, beliefs and actions and to attain their Globalist NWO agenda of evil.

With the Deep Underground Military Bases budget for 147 DUMBs at about 1 Trillion USD per year and the Secret Space War budget at about another 1 Trillion USD per year, there is about 3 Trillion USD for a secret Intel budget per year spent by the Ruling Cabal. This is all being done using your hard earned tax dollars, supplemented by large black funds from numerous large financial scams, illegal weapons sales for their induced wars, and their massive illegal drugs and narcotic sales.

When the Congressional spending budget is about 3.35 trillion per year, you can easily understand why the middle class in America is quickly disappearing and why the Ruling Cabal is so addicted to illegal black funds from their massive worldwide illegal drug trafficking partnerships with the narco-traffickers and drug cartels.

The Secret Shadow Government (SSG) is the operational form of the Ruling Cabal and employs its agents and cutouts to invoke and use secrecy under so-called “national security”. It’s all being done to keep We The People from ever knowing the full range of its false-flag terror, spying, mind-control and induced wars for profit. Insiders never use the term “Deep State” to describe the secret government, they use the term “Secret Shadow Government” which was first publicly disclosed by Richard Boylan, Ph.D.

The Ruling Cabal uses the Secret Shadow Government (SSG) to collect and analyze data about you and to weaponize some of its various electronic collection means. In addition it has deployed certain psychotronic devices locally and orbitally to mind-control you and in a sense create a “hive mind”, i.e. the mass-mind, entrained with beliefs that will support the Cabal’s long-planned Globalist NWO agenda.

Collecting and Analyzing Data:

Every kind of data you could ever imagine is now be recorded or collect on you automatically and analyzed using sophisticated algorithms:

  1. Every phone call you make is recorded and analyzed automatically by the NSA at Bluffdale, Utah with their mega-quantum computer Vesuvius.
  2. Every piece of mail you send though the US Postal Service is photocopied and logged for addressee and sender.
  3. Every email you ever send is recorded and processed and its key words or phrases used can get direct attention at your local Fusion Center.
  4. In most large urban areas every major business has security cameras which employ facial and gait recognition and are connected to the local Fusion Center where shoppers are immediately identified. Should they be on any watch list, store security is usually notified.
  5. Automatic license plate readers are being installed on most squad cars in large cities and these scan any vehicle that the squad car passes by, scanning plates in parking lots while driving through them. Many shopping center parking lots and parking ramps are getting these automatic plate readers as well as facial and gait recognition cameras connected to the local Fusion Center. Some cities now have such scanning cameras installed on busy public streets in downtown areas.
  6. Some large stores are now having advanced psychotronic emitters installed in the ceiling and operated by the store security. If a known shoplifter is identified by scanning software, corrective EMF can be emitted to make the target uncomfortable or motivated to leave. It’s a fact that there are frequent errors in mis-identifying individuals with this recognition technology that is usually “oversold”.
  7. Cell phones are tracked with permanent records kept, but this is rarely used to immediately solve crimes (in order keep this information from the public). Parallel solutions are designed to keep this technology secret. For example, if a child is kidnapped and missing, the NSA usually has the ability to analyze their collected data to trace the route of the victim. Supposedly the policy has been that no information would be utilized for up to a year, then an agent or asset would be sent to “discover the body by mistake”. If an NSA or a Fusion Center technician notices a major crime that would be “politically expedient” to solve publicly, a parallel but lesser crime will be provoked and/or solved with that same subject that will not reveal the secret technology used.
  8. Almost every conversation you have in your car, home or anywhere is automatically recorded by the NSA using extremely sophisticated new technology, so advanced that few will believe it could possibly exist even when told by leakers. I’ll give you just some of the various methods used here. Most Cable TV boxes and many remote controls have microphones in them that continually relay speech that is automatically recorded. Many weather indicators with remote outside senders can be used to listen in. House wiring can be accessed as a mike using very sophisticated technology. Micro bugs the same color as your siding can be shot from a car parked in front of your home into the siding of a room where you sit and talk. Cell phone and smart phones can be remotely set and activated to relay everything you say and all conversations within 20 feet. There are new Wi-Fi devices that you speak to and will give you music that you desire and answer questions. These devices can be used to record conversations. Most new laptop computers have Wi-Fi capability and microphones and cameras that can be accessed even when they indicate they are turned off. House wiring can be adapted to serve as a microphone. Special lasers can be shot at windows to pick up speech in a room up to one mile away.
  9. All automobiles manufactured since 2005 to some degree are hackable. Remotely deploying “Boston Brakes” is now easy on all new 2018 or later new cars. Most GPS systems automatically relay your position at all times. Blue tooth systems built into cars also can be used to record and analyze your conversations.
  10. The big Internet social media providers and search engines are all part of this NSA spying network despite the fact they will never admit to this. Some are deputized under so-called “national security” and some are delivered “National Security Letters” (NSLs). NSLs can order them to cooperate with an Alphabet’s policies and they are forbidden keeping a copy of these NSLs. If they disclose an NSL they will be arrested and fined 10,000 and imprisoned for 10 years. Not only do they collect and analyze all your Internet emails and postings, but some of these services are actively involved in censoring and shaping content to help mind-kontrol the masses. The larger ones are alleged to be deeply involved in planning and financing False-flag terror and secret mercenary wars like ISIS, ISIL, Daesh et al.

The biggest problem the NSA always had was appropriating sufficient storage space for all the data they have collected going back to the Vietnam war picked up by its listening posts and all the far greater amounts of data their new technologies now easily and automatically collect.

When the NSA finished building Vesuvius, the world’s largest Quantum Computer at the new NSA Center in Bluffdale Utah, data storage was no longer a problem, nor was their previous inability to process and analyze large masses of data about you.

The Secret Shadow Government’s best play is to deploy devices that have the secret capability to spy and deliver psychotronic brain-entrainment at the same time in any new devices which will give the public immediate and convenient new powers. Unless the public perceives these new devices as a much preferred convenience no one will be motivated to acquire and use them.

Take the cell phone for example, the public gets instant communication without any of the previously required wires, an incredible and revolutionary convenience. And at the same time the NSA can easily record their position, what they say, who they call, while at the same time being able to deliver psychotronic entrainment to their brains, using special EMF waveforms.

The weaponization of new technologies is here now.

The weaponization of new technologies is here now and is a major threat to your ability to think, reason and know the truth about what is really going on.

Remotely induced entrainment is a new technology that is here now and is fully operational. It is not 100% effective, but overall works on most folks without their knowledge. As former CIA scientist Robert Duncan, Ph.D. stated to former Governor Jesse Ventura, the human mind has now been successfully hacked. Dr. Duncan no longer works on this and has come forth and discussed this publicly as a warning.

Many of the same technologies developed and deployed to remotely spy on Americans and others all over the world have also been adapted to deliver psychotronic mind-control to remotely entrain certain brain waves in order to shape attitudes. An attitude is a potential action that in many cases can be later activated if the proper remote inductive entrainment is delivered. This is usually easier to deploy successfully in large crowds who are overly emotional over incidents where they feel abused by authority.

In some cases this technology has been used to create voices in one’s head and even take over control in certain susceptible individuals who have been adequately pre-conditioned.

New high tech war fighting technologies are now being developed:

Right now the major nations of the world are engaged in a major all-out race to develop new war fighting technologies that are quite different than what have been deployed before.

Thus we see the development of sophisticated cyber warfare technologies to be deployed through the Internet as well as directly through Quantum D-wave dimensional means, called “direct quantum warfare”. These means provide inter-dimensional direct access to spy, re-encode data and processors remotely, and for direct entrainment of attitudes and perceptions in the human brain.

The specifics of how this is done is one of the deepest secrets of the Secret Shadow Government and you will not be able to find much on this subject. Some insiders deeply involved in the Secret Space War Program have claimed that the “Looking Glass” device uses these new Quantum interdimensional physics to predict the future or even envision part of it. Some have claimed that D-waves (Dimensional waves, or more accurately interdimensional waves) travel through a medium where time and space do not exist as we know them.

It is believed by some insiders that the biggest threat to any standing army or government is now these new and forthcoming quantum-based weapons that can be remotely deployed to invade the human mind individually or in mass; or to directly invade any processor (CPU), cyber network, hard-drive, flash-drive or memory device. If these quantum-based weapons are successfully refined and deployable, you can imagine how they will be a game changer.

We see the development of micro-robot swarms now being manufactured by the millions. These little devices can be dropped by transport aircraft in mass at once or deployed in small numbers on the ground near the target. They can glide, fly, crawl, climb, approach the target, lock on and then explode to kill any person or they can be set to facial recognition for identifying their intended target. They can also be set to target any living thing.

A full range of battlefield robotic weapons are being developed all the way from battle tanks, to fighter planes, to individual robotic soldiers. There are numerous massive secret programs in DUMBs where attempts are being made to develop biological androids with computer interfaces and genes modified from animal genes to produce super strength and endurance as well as psi-powers. Some are based on triple helix (rapid self-healing genes), some have quad-helix, some are Chimeras based on animal human intermixing of genes.

Some bacteria have been taken from the deepest parts of the sea, gene spliced, with the capability to “eat” aluminum or iron much faster than rust can eat iron. These new metal-consuming bacterium are reputedly able to be activated and deactivated remotely by certain frequency signals, perhaps D-wave. Could they mutate out of control? Who knows, but many of these new technologies are being sold to entities that could carelessly develop them and also carelessly deploy them.

Various antipersonnel laser and particle beam systems are being readied now and will be mass produced as soon as possible. Most large nations have an extensive bevy of these weapons and keep this a closely guarded secret.

The bottom line is that unless the current small number of evil leaders who sit at the top of the Hierarchy of the Ruling Cabal (the folks that control the deployment of all these technologies) are gelded and displaced, we will all eventually become their electronic and psychotronic cannon fodder; and they will succeed in their Globalist goal of destroying every nation and culture of the world in order to raise their NWO Phoenix government from the ashes.

Conclusion:

One of the unexpected results of the Ruling Cabal’s deployment of the Internet for spying and surveillance is the transformation of the Internet into the New Gutenberg Press, a spontaneously emerging counter-weapon.

This new unexpected countermeasure is being used by the masses to gain serious penetration of the Cabal’s deepest darkest secrets and evil occult practices. And it can be used to diffuse this knowledge widely to the masses with a great deal of information the Controlled Major Mass Media News Cartel refuses to report.

The Ruling Cabal is deeply afraid of the masses ever coming to an understanding of their occult evil and ritual practices of pedophiling and sacrificing children. They know that if this ever occurs they will be hunted down and destroyed. Due to their arrogance and self-induced intoxication with their riches, power and status, they have only recently come to understand the scope of the threat to their evil system that the Internet as the New Gutenberg Press poses.

Yes, the Internet is the New Gutenberg Press and is now the ultimate threat to Ruling Cabal’s ability to retain power over the masses.

When considering just how revolutionary the Gutenberg Press was in 1439, one quickly begins to understand that the Internet is now even more revolutionary as a world event. This is especially apparent when one considers how it provides instant access to facts, knowledge and history.

Rothschild, Rockefeller’s Resilient Puerto Rico – Plan to Transform the PUERTO RICO . . .

https://100resilientcities.org/puerto-ricos-path-to-resilient-recovery-and-reconstruction/?utm_medium=email&utm_source=RockefellerCentennial&utm_content=2+-+Explore+and+share+the+ReImagina+Puerto+R&utm_campaign=201807250-100RC_PuertoRicoReport-US&source=201807250-100RC_PuertoRicoReport-US

Trump Blames California – NOT Climate Change for the Fires 8-6-18

THE AMERICAN CITIZENS and ALL People Worldwide – UNDER ATTACK

THE AMERICAN CITIZENS and ALL People Worldwide – UNDER ATTACK . . .

 

Many believers tell us We are entering the Tribulation, the final run down to the return of Jesus and the powerful armies of heaven which defeat all evil . . .

THE AMERICAN CITIZENS are Under Attack  ..

SHOULD NOT EXPECT PENTAGON PROTECTION WHEN THE DEEP STATE TRIGGERS THE USA TAKEDOWN…
General William R. Peers (ca. 1967).jpg

CIA 1960: Memorandum for Climate Control – Veterans Today | News – Military Foreign Affairs Policy

https://www.veteranstoday.com/2018/08/11/cia-1960-memorandum-for-climate-control/

CIA 1960: Memorandum for Climate Control

By Enkidu Gilgamesh for Veterans Today

CONTENT

  1. Comprehension of the uncomprendable!
  2. Why Climate Control?
  3. ClimateControl results in ClimateChange!
  4. Explaining some notions.
  5. Truth with the labyrinth of lies.
  6. The CIA-Memorandum
  7. The “good” CIA job.
  8. Other Historic Documents
  9. Sources
  10. Other Papers confirming ClimateControl!
  11. Geophysical Warfare in practice!

. . . . . .

1. Comprehension of the uncomprendable!

 . Before the climatology scam began, the CIA wrote a memorandum named “Climate Control“. Unter the conditions of post WWII and ongoing cold war. After 20 years of research the development and usage of climate control methods was proposed and the official implementation started with this memorandum. . The paper reveals not only the intention of global water grabbing (GWG) for desert farming and climate control as WMD of “Goephysical Warfare“, but climate control as the main reason for the development of nuclear energy! . According to this paper the nuclear power plants are proposed as the source of magnitude energy, required for climate control! . Definitely, climate control is the backbone of BPMED (Bankster Pervert Military Empire of Deception)! Just to give the monster a descriptive name. .

Read more “CIA 1960: Memorandum for Climate Control – Veterans Today | News – Military Foreign Affairs Policy”

Coastal Resilience and Regional Adaptation | Southeast Regional Partnership for Planning and Sustainability (SERPPAS)

https://serppas.org/focus-areas/coastal-resilience-and-regional-adaptation/

Coastal Resilience and Regional Adaptation

Coastal Resilience and Regional Adaptation

In partnership with MCAS Beaufort and the state of South Carolina, Marines volunteered to assist installation staff construct a living shoreline with oyster shell and bamboo stakes donated by the state government at the station’s Laurel Bay Boat Ramp.

Description

Why? The Southeast is facing various changes, ranging from increased flooding, storm surge, coastal erosion, and extreme temperature and precipitation variations, to the effects of increased coastal population, urban sprawl and developmental pressures on coastal industries and activities. These challenges pose and opportunity for military installations, communities and organizations/agencies in the Southeast to consider the need for actions to improve resiliency.

How? Identifying the most significant risks and vulnerabilities due to these challenges, especially those that impact coastal military installations and communities in the region, will help determine how SERPPAS can effectively engage to minimize these risks.  This could include evaluating historically effective SERPPAS programs (species at risk, compatible land use, etc) and develop additional tools to assist with coastal resilience.

Benefit? Regional coordination on these issues can further enhance military installation mission sustainment; minimize the potential for new coastal species placement on the endangered species list and/or critical habitat designated in the vicinity of military installations; prioritize watershed protection for increased water supply resilience to installations and surrounding communities; increase the geographical effectiveness of protecting military installations and communities to coastal and severe weather events; and increase collaboration and shared knowledge among natural resource agencies and the military, resulting in increased resilience for installations on the coast and elsewhere in the region.

Documents Library

Date Title Author
02/28/18 MILITARY EXPERT PANEL REPORT SEA LEVEL RISE AND THE U.S. MILITARY’S MISSION The Center for Climate and Security
02/28/18 PATTERNS AND PROJECTIONS OF HIGH TIDE FLOODING ALONG THE U.S. COASTLINE USING A COMMON IMPACT THRESHOLD NOAA
01/31/18 Department of Defense Climate-Related Risk to DoD Infrastructure Initial Vulnerability Assessment Survey (SLVAS) Report DOD
12/05/16 SECAS Fact Sheet SECAS
11/07/16 Opportunities to Enhance the Nation’s Resilience to Climate Change The White House Council on Climate Preparedness and Resilience
09/21/16 Presidential Memorandum: Climate Change and National Security The White House
09/21/16 Implications for US National Security of Anticipated Climate Change National Intelligence Council
09/01/16 The US Military on the Front Lines of Rising Seas Union of Concerned Scientists
09/01/16 Living Shorelines in the Southeast: Research and Data Gaps GSAA
07/14/16 Guide for Considering Climate Change in Coastal Conservation NOAA
04/01/16 Regional Sea Level Scenarios for Coastal Risk Management: Managing the Uncertainty of Future Sea Level Change and Extreme Water Levels for Department of Defense Coastal Sites Worldwide DoD
01/14/16 DoD Directive 4715.21: Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics
10/19/15 Southeast Regional Climate Assessment Steven McNulty, et. al.
07/09/15 Keeping North Carolina’s Farms and Forests Vibrant and Resilient – An Adaptive Management Strategy North Carolina Agriculture and Forestry Adaptation Work Group
04/01/15 Climate Change Adaptation in United States Federal Natural Resource Science and Management Agencies: A Synthesis Jessica E. Halofsky, David L. Peterson, and Kailey W. Marcinkowski
02/23/15 Climate Change Adaptation by Federal Agencies: An Analysis of Plans and Issues for Congress Jane E. Leggett
12/31/14 Connecting on Climate: A Guide to Effective Climate Change Communication Center for Research on Environmental Decisions – Earth Institute, Columbia University
10/22/14 Priority Agenda: Enhancing the Climate Resilience of America’s Natural Resources Council on Climate Preparedness and Resilience
10/19/14 Department of Defense 2014 Climate Change Adaptation Roadmap Department of Defense
07/31/14 The Cost of Delaying Action to Stem Climate Change Council of Economic Advisors – Executive Office of the President of the United States
05/31/14 Climate Change Adaptation: DoD Can Improve Infrastructure Planning and Processes to Better Account for Potential Impacts United States Government Accountability Office
05/06/14 Climate Change Impacts in the United States – U.S. National Climate Assessment Melillo, Jerry M., Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and Gary W. Yohe, Eds.
03/31/14 GAO-14-74, Climate Change: Energy Infrastructure Risks & Adaptation Efforts United States Government Accountability Office
03/19/14 IPCC Summary for Policy Makers Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)
03/19/14 What We Know: The Reality, Risks and Response to Climate Change The AAAS Climate Science Panel
03/04/14 Quadrennial Defense Review 2014 Department of Defense
12/31/13 Department of Army High-Level Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment U.S. Army Corps of Engineers – Engineer Research Development Center
06/25/13 The President’s Climate Action Plan Executive Office of the President
01/01/13 Assessing Impacts of Climate Change on Coastal Military Installations: Policy Implications Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program, US Department of Defense
10/01/11 Trends and Implications of Climate Change for National Security (Defense Science Board) Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics
06/01/11 Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces Committee on National Security Implications of Climate Change for U.S. Naval Forces; National Research Council
11/01/10 USAF Climate Change Projections Mr. Raymond Kiess / Lt Col Jason Patla, Director of Operations, 14th Weather Squadron

Websites and Resources Library

Tagged Resources

Listed below are websites containing information related to living shorelines. SERPPAS is interested in exploring wider use of living shorelines at those military installations where estuarine shorelines and the adjacent estuarine habitat could be benefited and the military’s long-term ability to use the property appropriately would be protected and enhanced. The purpose of the tagged resources below is to provide a guide for SERPPAS members and the public who wish to gather more information about living shorelines. Each website header is hyperlinked to a web address; additionally, you may find a summary of the types of content contained within each website below the header. This list is not exhaustive, and may be updated over time as new information is collected. A filtering function is also present and available for use so that the list of websites can be narrowed down according to content type.

APNEP – Policy Board Meeting Materials

Presentations
Resources/News Articles
Chesapeake Bay Foundation

Ecological Impacts
Resources/News Articles
Planning/Implementation
Financial Assistance
Engineering with Nature

Presentations
Resources/News Articles
Projects & Case Studies
Florida Department of Environmental Protection

Regulations
Ecological Impacts
Resources/News Articles
Comparative Docs
Planning/Implementation
Projects & Case Studies
Maryland Department of Natural Resources

Regulations
Economic Impacts
Ecological Impacts
Presentations
Resources/News Articles
Planning/Implementation
NOAA Ocean and Coastal Resource Management

Economic Impacts
Ecological Impacts
Resources/News Articles
Comparative Docs
Planning/Implementation
North Carolina Coastal Federation

Ecological Impacts
Resources/News Articles
Comparative Docs
Planning/Implementation
Projects & Case Studies
Oyster Restoration Workgroup

Regulations
Ecological Impacts
Presentations
Resources/News Articles
Comparative Docs
Planning/Implementation
Projects & Case Studies
Southern Environmental Law Center

Regulations
Economic Impacts
Presentations
NRDA/RESTORE
Resources/News Articles
Comparative Docs
The Nature Conservancy – Coastal Resilience

Presentations
Resources/News Articles
Comparative Docs
Planning/Implementation
Projects & Case Studies
Virginia Institute of Marine Science – Center for Coastal Resources Management

Regulations
Ecological Impacts
Resources/News Articles
Comparative Docs
Planning/Implementation
Projects & Case Studies

 

MILITARY TAKEOVER – Military Expert Panel Report – Sea Level Rise and the U.S. Military’s MISSION . . .